Cardiac cycle dude(=

The cardiac cycle is a term referring to all or any of the events related to the flow or blood pressure that occurs from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next.^[1] The frequency of the cardiac cycle is described by the heart rate.

Diastole

is the period of time when the heart relaxes after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood.

Systole

period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds.

Lasting usually 0.3 to 0.4 second

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DUDE(=

The cardiovascular system, the most important of the human body systems, consists of organs that are responsible for carrying out many of the important cardiovascular system functions. The system consists of organs like the heart, and the blood vessels that are spread throughout the body. The cardiovascular system is a complex system and understanding its functions will help understand the overall human physiology better.

The cardiovascular system transports oxygen from the lungs to the various cells of the body. The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport nutrients from the intestines to the lungs and other parts of the body, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.

Blood Vessels: There are three different types of blood vessels in the human body, the arteries, the capillaries and the veins. The arteries are of three types, the pulmonary artery, the aorta and the coronary arteries. They perform the function of carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the other parts of the body, but the pulmonary artery carried deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The capillaries carry oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and cells of the body and the veins carry deoxygenated blood from the various organs of the body to the heart

if heart doesn't receive any blood eventually we will die in an instant.

The blood needs to flow throughout the heart in order to delivered it to the different parts of the body

HEART DUDDEE(=

the cardiovascular system include the heart,blood and blood vessels

heart-atrian and ventricles

blood-white bood cell, red blood cell and platelets

blood vessels-arteries and veins

the heart is the main organ

the size of heart is like the size of our fist

it is surrounded by fibreous pericardium

EYES DUDE(=

SENSE OF SIGHT

EXTERNAL

*orbit-cone shaped cavity

*lacrimal apparatus-produces and stores tears

*lacrimal gland-transports tears

*conjunctiva-protective membrane

INTERNAL

*aqueous humor

*vitreous humor

*eyeball

1.sclera

2.choroid

3.retina

EARS DUDE(=

SENSE OF HEARING

Ear-responsible for hearing and maintaining our equilibrium or sense of balance

*structures

-external ear

-middle ear/tympanic cavity

-inner ear/labyrint

PARTS OF EXTERNAL EAR

-pinna/auricle

-auditory canal or external auditory

-eardrum/tympanic membrane

MIDDLE EAR CONTAINS THE SMALLEST BONES IN OUR BODY

-hammer

-anvil

-stirrup

INNER EAR HAVE THREE AREAS

-cochlea

-vestibule chamber

-semicircular canals

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM=)

-series of organs and glands in the body that secrete chemical messenger
HORMONES
-chemical messenger released by endocrine glands
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
-travel in neurons
-synapse
-cleaned up quickly
-localized effect
-short lived
STEROIDS
-powerful hormones
-interact directly in cells

2 TYPES OF FEEDBACK
negative and positive feedback

3 basic ways of endocrine organs function to maintain hormone levels
-neural control
-hormonal control
-humoral control

MAJOR ENDOCRINE ORGANS
hypothalamus-commander in chief, controls the pituitary gland
pituitary gland-master gland

ENDOCRINE DISEASES

ANABOLIC STEROID

HASHIMOTOR DISEASE

GRAVES DISEASE

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

ADDISON DISEASE

CUSHING SYNDROME

NERVOUS SYSTEM(= DISORDERS

GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
-acute form of pendral neuropathy
POLIO
-causes alcoholism,toxins and tumor
MYASHEMIA
-auto immune disorder which immune system attacks and destroy
BOTALISM
-form of paralysis caused by toxins
MENINGITIS
-Viral caused by viruses travel from mouth and travel to meninges
-Bacterial potentially fatal infections

BRAIN DISEASES

paralysis
spastic
flaccid
cerebral palsy
subdural hematoma
hutington disease

NERVOUS SYSTEM(=

two types:
peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

pns have 2 types:
somatic and autonomic

autonomic is divided into 2 subsystems
parasympathetic and sympathetic

NERVOUS TISSUE
-connective tissue or muscle tissue

TYPES OF CELLS
-GLIAL OR NEUROGLIA AND NEURONS

Glial cells are specialized cells allowing nervous tissue to perform it's function
TYPES OF CELL UNDER CNS
-microglia(removes debris)
-astrocytes(metabolic and support)
-ependymal(covering and lining cavities)
-oligodendrocytes(lipid insulation)
UNDER PNS
-schwann(myelin)
-satellite cells(support)

Neurons is the control function(EXCITABLE CELL)
it possesses cell body, dendrites and axon
Dendrites-receive info from other cells
Axon-generates and sends signals from other cells
Synapse-gap between neuron and receiving cells
TYPES OF SYNAPSE
-sensory
-motor neurons

POLARIZED CELLS
-resting cells
DEPOLARIZED CELLS
-more positive than resting
HYPERPOLARIZED CELLS
-more negative when it is at rest
REFRACTORY PERIOD
-time when cells cannot accept another stimulus
IMPULSE CONDUCTION
-presence of myelin sheath
-diameter of axon


BRAIN
3 parts
cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem

CEREBRUM
-divided into right and left hemisphere
Have large sections
-frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occipital lobe
CEREBELLUM
-posterior to brain. known as the little brain
BRAIN STEM
sections
-medulla oblongata
-pons
-midbrain

DIENCEPHALON
parts
-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-pineal body
-pituitary gland